Contents of this article

• Installing the OpenSSH package
• SSH on Windows with password authentication
• SSH with key authentication
• Setting up an SSH server on Windows
• PowerShell Core as a subsystem on the SSH server
• Conclusion

If you have been following the developments over the last year on PowerShell Core, you'll know that the PowerShell team has been hard at work. Not only are they quickly approaching the release of the production version of PowerShell Core, but they have also been working constantly on several projects. These include Desired State Configuration, the PowerShell Visual Studio Code extension, and the topic of this article: porting OpenSSH to Windows.

SSH has long been the remoting mainstay in the Linux world. In client scenarios, PuTTY on Windows is the most common use of SSH, as it allows a Windows user to SSH into a Linux system. There are other third-party solutions providing an SSH server on Windows, but having a Microsoft team officially providing it will make it easier to adopt.

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Although Windows PowerShell users are used to WinRM as their remoting protocol with PowerShell, it makes a lot of sense to enable Windows to use SSH. The ability to use SSH provides a common user experience for Linux users to connect to Windows systems remotely and vice versa. In my opinion, in the not-so-distant future, SSH will likely become the remoting protocol of choice for Windows users as well.

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Installing the OpenSSH package ^

Currently, there are two ways to install OpenSSH on Windows documented on GitHub. I recommend using Chocolatey because it is much simpler and automates a few of the necessary tasks for you.

In PowerShell or cmd, this command will install both the client tools and server component. To install just the client tools, remove the ‑param argument. Among other tasks, it opens the proper firewall ports and sets or starts the sshd and ssh-agent services:

1choco install openssh-params'/SSHServerFeature /KeyBasedAuthenticationFeature'–y

Now our local computer is ready to remote to open hosts with SSH and have other hosts connect to it.

SSH on Windows with password authentication ^

In these examples my username is 'dan' and my SSH server is 'remotehost.' When attempting to remote into a host with a password for a local user, you can simply run:

Generating the public key

This results in two files now created in c:usersdan.ssh: id_rsa and id_rsa.pub.

Please note you need to ensure you are the only user who has access to the id_rsa private key on the file system for security purposes.

Ensure the ssh-agent service is started:

The first task we need to do is copy the public key of our client to the 'C:usersdan.sshauthorized_keys' file on the server. If the '.ssh' directory does not exist on the server yet, we will need to create it and apply the proper NTFS permissions. The user account associated with the key, the system account, and the sshd service (which only needs read access) should be the only accounts given permissions.

If you have admin access on both systems, you can simply use PowerShell to copy the contents of your public key to the SSH server:

1PSC:>catc:usersdan.sshid_rsa.pub Add-Content'remotehostc$usersdan.sshauthorized_keys'

Finally, we log in via SSH to our 'remotehost' server from our Windows client, specifying the ‑i parameter and our private key:

Remoting through SSH

By default, I enter into cmd, but I can easily open PowerShell Core:

Connected via SSH

PowerShell Core as a subsystem on the SSH server ^

One additional configuration you may want is making PowerShell Core a subsystem when using Enter-PSSession to your Windows server. To do this, you edit the 'sshd_config' file located on your server currently at 'C:Program FilesOpenSSH-Win64.' Remember this is subject to change if you update to a newer version of PowerShell Core.

In addition, it is important to note that this will only allow PowerShell remoting cmdlets (Enter-PSSession, Invoke-Command, etc.) to drop directly into PowerShell. It does not work with using ssh.exe to connect from the client.

‑HostName uses a specific parameter set that defaults to SSH as the protocol. The command also automatically uses my key to authenticate and enters directly into PowerShell Core on my SSH server. The use of ‑ComputerName will result in using WinRM as the protocol as most Windows users are familiar with.

Using Enter PSSession from PowerShell Core with SSH

Conclusion ^

I hope this article introduces Windows users to using OpenSSH on the Windows platform. With the future releases of PowerShell Core and OpenSSH, exciting times for Windows are ahead! Please keep in mind some of these instructions are subject to change with the production release of OpenSSH.

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